Dopamine’s Cartography
Artist: Kelly Gao
Artwork description:
This work, inspired by ADHD, imagines the mind as a cluster of colorful islands — vivid, creative, but sometimes tangled in its own energy. Streams of color swirl like thought currents: lively, inventive, and restless.


Disease Introduction: ADHD (Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder)
Type: Neurodevelopmental disorder
Affected System: CNS — prefrontal cortex and dopaminergic/noradrenergic circuits
Symptoms:
Inattention: distractibility, forgetfulness, poor organization. Hyperactivity: excessive talking, restlessness, inappropriate running/climbing. Impulsivity: blurting out answers, interrupting others
Emotional dysregulation and frustration intolerance. Sleep delay, inconsistent focus, task avoidance.
Cause:
Genetic susceptibility affecting dopamine and norepinephrine signaling; prenatal exposure (tobacco, alcohol), low birth weight, or environmental stressors can contribute.
Treatment:
Stimulant medications (methylphenidate, amphetamines).
Non-stimulants (atomoxetine, guanfacine).
Behavioral and cognitive therapy to improve self-control and organization.
Parent training and school accommodations.
Lifestyle support: structured routines, regular exercise, proper sleep and nutrition.